Black History
Purchased Lives Exhibit Examines the African-American Experience
NEW ORLEANS DATA NEWS WEEKLY — This year marks the 400th year that enslaved Africans arrived in the United States.
By Avane Ervin
This year marks the 400th year that enslaved Africans arrived in the United States. The slave narratives they left behind provides a history to African-American culture. Retired Dillard University Professor of English and Literary Critic, Jerry W. Ward Jr., and Assistant Professor of English at Xavier University of Louisiana, Jimmy Worthy shared why these slave narratives capture the abilities of African- American ancestors, at a public lecture on Feb. 5, 2019 for the exhibit: “Purchased Lives: The American Slave Trade from 1808 to 1865.”
The travelling exhibit, which coincided with the 2019 National Day of Racial Healing, runs six weeks up to Feb. 28th The third lecture in the series examined “Why does our history matter,” said Robin Vander, an Associate Professor of Literature and African-American and Diaspora studies at Xavier, who coordinated the “Purchased Lives” Public Lecture Series.
On Feb. 19th, the exhibit will host its fifth talk “Family Histories” featuring Genealogists, and the last installment of the lecture series takes place on Feb. 26th on “Reclaiming African-American Legacies and the Human Spirit.” The public series are held on Tuesdays at 6:30 p.m. at Xavier’s Library Nissan Room. The exhibit is provided by the Historic New Orleans Collection and the Louisiana Endowment for the Humanities. Entergy Corporation, the National Park Service, the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Kabacoff Family Foundation also provided support for the exhibit.
“All of our programs are based on the exhibition as a way to allow everyone to understand its importance in the shaping of African-American culture,” Vander added. Both Ward and Worthy, who teach African-American Literature shared how recording slave narratives first started in the Black community.
“Human beings are not hardwired to write,” Worthy said. “We are hardwired to dance, to sing, to have particular interactions with the natural world, but writing allows us to better address the immediate concerns of the political times and environment in which we live,” he added.
Writing has been connected to power, Worthy reminded the audience. It was not a privilege allowed to enslaved peoples. So, for African-Americans to write their lived experiences, they announced then that they too were also human, through the means of being able to read and write, he explained.
“Literacy was the prerequisite for being afforded the rights of human status,” Worthy said. “It is important that we recognize slave narratives as revealing the psychological and emotional scars of negotiating cataclysmic change, and recognize those individuals who offer themselves as renewed,” he added.
The function of slave narratives reveals more than stories of African-American history and their psychological state at the time, but slave narratives also provide a way to examine life after being “property.”
“A sense of ending for them is a sense of beginning for us,” Ward told the audience as he highlighted the influence of African-American literary writers from the past to today. He added that African-American literary figures allowed the public to understand the impacts of living an enslaved life, not just while in bondage, but as freed people still fighting systemic oppression.
“Africans aren’t just like other beings on this planet, they get no special privilege,” Ward said after sharing how he believes that although the History of African-Americans may be an uncomfortable topic for some, the truth of racism should not be watered down.
Both Worthy and Ward believe it is essential for African-Americans to become aware of the history of the culture in order to understand the world around them today.
“You must learn to read differently,” Ward said to the audience. “Not just slave narratives, but you must learn to read the text of the world differently.”
Activism
OPINION: Your Voice and Vote Impact the Quality of Your Health Care
One of the most dangerous developments we’re seeing now? Deep federal cuts are being proposed to Medicaid, the life-saving health insurance program that covers nearly 80 million lower-income individuals nationwide. That is approximately 15 million Californians and about 1 million of the state’s nearly 3 million Black Californians who are at risk of losing their healthcare.

By Rhonda M. Smith, Special to California Black Media Partners
Shortly after last year’s election, I hopped into a Lyft and struck up a conversation with the driver. As we talked, the topic inevitably turned to politics. He confidently told me that he didn’t vote — not because he supported Donald Trump, but because he didn’t like Kamala Harris’ résumé. When I asked what exactly he didn’t like, he couldn’t specifically articulate his dislike or point to anything specific. In his words, he “just didn’t like her résumé.”
That moment really hit hard for me. As a Black woman, I’ve lived through enough election cycles to recognize how often uncertainty, misinformation, or political apathy keep people from voting, especially Black voters whose voices are historically left out of the conversation and whose health, economic security, and opportunities are directly impacted by the individual elected to office, and the legislative branches and political parties that push forth their agenda.
That conversation with the Lyft driver reflects a troubling surge in fear-driven politics across our country. We’ve seen White House executive orders gut federal programs meant to help our most vulnerable populations and policies that systematically exclude or harm Black and underserved communities.
One of the most dangerous developments we’re seeing now? Deep federal cuts are being proposed to Medicaid, the life-saving health insurance program that covers nearly 80 million lower-income individuals nationwide. That is approximately 15 million Californians and about 1 million of the state’s nearly 3 million Black Californians who are at risk of losing their healthcare.
Medicaid, called Medi-Cal in California, doesn’t just cover care. It protects individuals and families from medical debt, keeps rural hospitals open, creates jobs, and helps our communities thrive. Simply put; Medicaid is a lifeline for 1 in 5 Black Americans. For many, it’s the only thing standing between them and a medical emergency they can’t afford, especially with the skyrocketing costs of health care. The proposed cuts mean up to 7.2 million Black Americans could lose their healthcare coverage, making it harder for them to receive timely, life-saving care. Cuts to Medicaid would also result in fewer prenatal visits, delayed cancer screenings, unfilled prescriptions, and closures of community clinics. When healthcare is inaccessible or unaffordable, it doesn’t just harm individuals, it weakens entire communities and widens inequities.
The reality is Black Americans already face disproportionately higher rates of poorer health outcomes. Our life expectancy is nearly five years shorter in comparison to White Americans. Black pregnant people are 3.6 times more likely to die during pregnancy or postpartum than their white counterparts.
These policies don’t happen in a vacuum. They are determined by who holds power and who shows up to vote. Showing up amplifies our voices. Taking action and exercising our right to vote is how we express our power.
I urge you to start today. Call your representatives, on both sides of the aisle, and demand they protect Medicaid (Medi-Cal), the Affordable Care Act (Covered CA), and access to food assistance programs, maternal health resources, mental health services, and protect our basic freedoms and human rights. Stay informed, talk to your neighbors and register to vote.
About the Author
Rhonda M. Smith is the Executive Director of the California Black Health Network, a statewide nonprofit dedicated to advancing health equity for all Black Californians.
Activism
IN MEMORIAM: Nate Holden, State Senator and Longtime Los Angeles Councilmember, Dies at 95
Los Angeles County Supervisor Janice Hahn described Holden as “a lion” in the State Senate and a force to be reckoned with on the Los Angeles City Council.” Hahn added that she learned a lot working with Holden when she was a new councilmember.

By Bo Tefu, California Black Media
Former Los Angeles City Councilmember Nathaniel “Nate” Holden, a prominent figure in the city’s politics, passed away at the age of 95, his family confirmed on May 7.
Holden, who represented South Los Angeles for 16 years on the City Council and served one term in the California State Senate, was widely regarded as a forceful advocate for his community.
Los Angeles County Supervisor Janice Hahn described Holden as “a lion” in the State Senate and a force to be reckoned with on the Los Angeles City Council.”
Hahn added that she learned a lot working with Holden when she was a new councilmember.
Holden’s journey to political prominence began in the segregated South, where he was born in Macon, Georgia, in 1929. He often recalled the childhood moment when he first heard the governor of Georgia vowing to continue suppressing Black people.
“Doing the best you can for the people. Law and order. Make sure that people’s communities are safe. I did it all,” said Holden, reflecting on his legacy.
Holden is survived by his sons, including former California Assemblymember Chris Holden, who represented a district in Southern California that includes Pasadena and Altadena in Los Angeles County and cities in San Bernardino County.
Black History
Henry Blair, the Second African American to Obtain a Patent
Being a successful farmer required consistent production. Blair figured out a way to increase his harvest. He did this with two inventions. His first invention was a corn planter. The planter had the same structure as a wheelbarrow, with a box to hold the seed and rakes dragging behind to cover them. This machine allowed farmers to plant their crops more economically.

By Tamara Shiloh
The debate over whether enslaved African Americans could receive U.S. Government-issued patents was still unfolding when the second African American to hold a patent, Henry Blair, received his first patent in 1834.
The first African American to receive a patent was Thomas Jennings in 1821 for his discovery of a process called dry scouring, also known as dry cleaning.
Blair was born in Glen Ross, Maryland, in 1807. He was an African American farmer who received two patents. Each patent was designed to help increase agricultural productivity.
There is very little information about his life prior to the inventions. It is known that he was a farmer who invented machines to help with planting and harvesting crops. There is no written evidence that he was a slave.
However, it is apparent that he was a businessman.
Being a successful farmer required consistent production. Blair figured out a way to increase his harvest. He did this with two inventions. His first invention was a corn planter. The planter had the same structure as a wheelbarrow, with a box to hold the seed and rakes dragging behind to cover them. This machine allowed farmers to plant their crops more economically.
Blair could not write. As a result of his illiteracy, he signed the patent with an “X”. He received his first patent for the corn planter on Oct. 14, 1834.
Two years later, taking advantage of the boost in the cotton industry, he received his second patent. This time for a cotton planter. This machine worked by splitting the ground with two shovel-like blades that were pulled along by a horse. A wheel-driven cylinder behind the blades placed seeds into the freshly plowed ground. Not only was this another economical and efficient machine. It also helped with controlling weeds and put the seeds in the ground quickly Henry Blair received his second patent on Aug. 31, 1836
During this time, the United States government passed a law that allowed patents to be granted to both free and enslaved men. However, in 1857, this law was contested by a slaveowner. He argued that slaveowners had a right to claim credit for a slave’s inventions. His argument was that since an owner’s slaves were his property, anything that a slave owned was the property of the owner also.
In 1858 the law changed, and patents were no longer given to slaves. However, the law changed again in 1871 after the Civil War. The patent law was revised to permit all American men, regardless of race, the right to patent their inventions.
Blair died in 1860.
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