Opinion
A Letter For Reparations!
Dear Political Representative,
I would like to let you know that reparations for descendants of enslaved Black people in the U.S. is necessary to Make America Great, not Again, but for the first time.
As you know, the Portuguese set sail for the coasts of Africa in 1444 and negotiated the transportation of 235 Africans to Portugal. It was never expected that the total extraction would reach 5.8 million, and most of these Africans found their new place of labor in South America.
In contrast, a ‘mere’ 600,000 found their way to North America. So, when we look at the total number of Africans that made their way to the Americas, that number comes to 12.5 million.
In 1807, Britain outlawed the importation of Africans, and in 1808 so did the U.S., though slavery itself continued in the U.S and some British colonies.
It was just around that time, on the heels of the Industrial Revolution, that King Cotton catapulted America into an economic global powerhouse.
Had the U.S. had a stronger Navy, it may have been able to thwart international law and continue to import a labor force. But there was really no need. North America’s domestic slave trade, supported by U.S. law, created the work force King Cotton needed by forcing the enslaved people to breed, even further stripping them of their human dignity and deliberately robbing them of any sense of family or community when those children were sold away for profit.
In their book, “The American Slave Coast; A History of the Slave-Breeding Industry,” authors Ned and Constance Sublette, show that the economic benefits of slavery went well beyond the actual slaveowners. “To provide capital for those loans, the banks sold bonds to investors from around the globe — London, New York, Amsterdam, Paris. The bond buyers, many of whom lived in countries where slavery was illegal, didn’t own individual slaves — just bonds backed by their value.”
In other words, investors created an instrument that would allow slave owners to not only derive wealth from the labor of slaves, but harnessed a financial contract, called them bonds, and sold them to anyone who had the money.
According to an essay written by Brendan Wolfe for Virginia Humanities, “the estimated value of the labor performed by black slaves in America between 1619 and 1865, compounded at 6 percent interest through 1993 is $97 trillion dollars.”
So, please, Political Representative, accept the fact that African Americans are owed a certain store of value for the harm that slavery has caused.
I hope that this communication finds you in good health, and we look forward to hearing from you soon.
Signed,
Curtis O. Robinson, Sr.
A concerned American citizen.
Activism
Oakland Post: Week of December 25 – 31, 2024
The printed Weekly Edition of the Oakland Post: Week of December 25 – 31, 2024
To enlarge your view of this issue, use the slider, magnifying glass icon or full page icon in the lower right corner of the browser window.
Activism
OPINION: “My Girl,” The Temptations, and Nikki Giovanni
Giovanni was probably one of the most famous young African American women in the 1960s, known for her fiery poetry. But even that description is tame. The New York Times obit headline practically buried her historical impact: “Nikki Giovanni, Poet Who Wrote of Black Joy, Dies at 81.” That doesn’t begin to touch the fire of Giovanni’s work through her lifetime.
By Emil Guillermo
The Temptations, the harmonizing, singing dancing man-group of your OG youth, were on “The Today Show,” earlier this week.
There were some new members, no David Ruffin. But Otis Williams, 83, was there still crooning and preening, leading the group’s 60th anniversary performance of “My Girl.”
When I first heard “My Girl,” I got it.
I was 9 and had a crush on Julie Satterfield, with the braided ponytails in my catechism class. Unfortunately, she did not become my girl.
But that song was always a special bridge in my life. In college, I was a member of a practically all-White, all-male club that mirrored the demographics at that university. At the parties, the song of choice was “My Girl.”
Which is odd, because the party was 98% men.
The organization is a little better now, with women, people of color and LGBTQ+, but back in the 70s, the Tempts music was the only thing that integrated that club.
POETRY’S “MY GIRL”
The song’s anniversary took me by surprise. But not as much as the death of Nikki Giovanni.
Giovanni was probably one of the most famous young African American women in the 1960s, known for her fiery poetry. But even that description is tame.
The New York Times obit headline practically buried her historical impact: “Nikki Giovanni, Poet Who Wrote of Black Joy, Dies at 81.”
That doesn’t begin to touch the fire of Giovanni’s work through her lifetime.
I’ll always see her as the Black female voice that broke through the silence of good enough. In 1968, when cities were burning all across America, Giovanni was the militant female voice of a revolution.
Her “The True Import of Present Dialogue: Black vs. Negro,” is the historical record of racial anger as literature from the opening lines.
It reads profane and violent, shockingly so then. These days, it may seem tamer than rap music.
But it’s jarring and pulls no punches. It protests Vietnam, and what Black men were asked to do for their country.
“We kill in Viet Nam,” she wrote. “We kill for UN & NATO & SEATO & US.”
Written in 1968, it was a poem that spoke to the militancy and activism of the times. And she explained herself in a follow up, “My Poem.”
“I am 25 years old, Black female poet,” she wrote referring to her earlier controversial poem. “If they kill me. It won’t stop the revolution.”
Giovanni wrote more poetry and children’s books. She taught at Rutgers, then later Virginia Tech where she followed her fellow professor who would become her spouse, Virginia C. Fowler.
Since Giovanni’s death, I’ve read through her poetry, from what made her famous, to her later poems that revealed her humanity and compassion for all of life.
In “Allowables,” she writes of finding a spider on a book, then killing it.
And she scared me
And I smashed her
I don’t think
I’m allowed
To kill something
Because I am
Frightened
For Giovanni, her soul was in her poetry, and the revolution was her evolution.
About the Author
Emil Guillermo is a journalist, commentator, and solo performer. Join him at www.patreon.com/emilamok
Activism
In addition to his work with the NAACP, Rick Callender is the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Valley Water in San Jose. In that role, he oversees an integrated water resources system with functions that include managing the supply of clean, safe water; instituting flood protections; and handling environmental stewardship of waterways for Santa Clara County’s 1.9 million residents.
By Edward Henderson, California Black Media
Rick L. Callender holds multiple influential roles. He is the President of the California/Hawaii State Conference of the NAACP (Cal-HI NAACP) and serves on the National NAACP Board of Directors.
Under his leadership, Cal-HI NAACP operates 74 branches and youth units across the state to push initiatives focused on racial justice and equality.
In addition to his work with the NAACP, Callender is the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Valley Water in San Jose. In that role, he oversees an integrated water resources system with functions that include managing the supply of clean, safe water; instituting flood protections; and handling environmental stewardship of waterways for Santa Clara County’s 1.9 million residents.
Recently, California Black Media (CBM) interviewed Callender. He reflected on the organization’s accomplishments, challenges they have faced, lessons learned this year, and goals moving forward.
Responses have been edited for length and clarity.
Looking back at 2024, what stands out to you as your most important achievement and why?
One of the things I’m most proud of is the support of policy changes related to the Ebony Alert, which went into place this year. That legislation ensured that Black girls and missing Black women would have their own alert. Often, when they go missing you don’t hear about it for weeks later.
How did your leadership and investments contribute to improving the lives of Black Californians?
It’s not my leadership, it’s the NAACP’s leadership. We’ve helped with legal consultations. Often, when you have something that occurs to you, some people can’t afford a legal consultation. We’ve cleared that hurdle for folks, so they don’t have to worry about the fee.
What frustrated you the most over the last year?
The pullback of a commitment to our community and the pullback from corporations on financing DEI initiatives, equity and civil rights. People have tried to make DEI sound like a salacious word. When you see these funds disappear, it’s because people erroneously think that they promote racism.
What inspired you the most over the last year?
The resilience and the determination of our youth. The youth have always led — not only the civil rights movement — but they have been the ones who will always be willing to step up.
It’s seeing a new Black leadership step up and being able to continue to fight.
What is one lesson you learned in 2024 that will inform your decision-making next year?
This is one thing: we can’t get distracted. We have to stay focused.
In one word, what is the biggest challenge Black Californians face?
Equity. Put anything in front of the word equity, and that’s what we face, from educational equity, criminal justice equity. Equity as it deals with economics. And just being able to make sure that we have the access to do what we need to do.
What is the goal you want to achieve most in 2025?
Staying focused on organizing around elections – and winning.
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