Health
Seeing Cancer in the Dark
by Sandra Jordan
Special to the NNPA from the St. Louis American
They started with a question about what they can be done with light without exposing the patient to radiation. The answer is, use infrared light. By taking advantage of in the visual spectrum of what humans can and cannot see, doctors at Washington University School of Medicine designed goggles that allow surgeons to see cancer cells not visible to the naked eye.
Samuel Achilefu, Ph.D., professor of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics at WUSTL directs the Optical Radiology Lab, where the goggles were developed.
The entire body has billions of cells and if surgeons want to pick out just a few cells, they need them to stand out. The eyes cannot see infrared light and body does not absorb infrared light very well, Achilefu said.
“With that knowledge, we don’t want to obstruct what the surgeon is doing – you want them to see just what they are seeing with no obstruction at all and then we can make the cells just light in the region where they cannot see,” Achilefu explained. “And no part of the body gives off this light at all and the advance you have is this: even if it’s just a single cell, it’s like a light in the dark.”
They wanted the goggles to be lightweight, simple to use and provide powerful information to diagnose various diseases in the body.
“If we have glasses like this and we code signatures inside of it such that the cancers can pick up that light with eye sensitivity and ignoring every other thing around it, then we are in a very good position to find it,” Achilefu said.
For global applications goggles also need practical at the point of care, whether it is at home, in rural areas or advanced medical facilities.
“I wanted it to be something that has no footprint in the operating room so that people could move around easily,” he said. The results being no obstruction at all and they get all the cancer out.
The goggles took three years of work with students involving engineering, biochemistry, radiology-based imaging and wireless communication.
“I want to use this in rural Missouri, for example, or a remote area in Africa, and somebody here at Wash-U can guide surgery,” Achilefu said. “They can stay here and guide you with no limitation.”
With the goggles on, infrared dye placed on the cancerous tissue lights up blue if cancer cells remain, allowing surgeons to see and remove all traces of the disease.
“We’ve done about 11 breast cancer patients here at Wash-U,” Achilefu said. “What we want to solve here is recur rates. “Our goal here is to reduce that recur rate in breast cancer patients to near zero.”
Dr. Greg Fields has been using the goggles at Wash-U in melanoma surgeries.
“He can now use the goggles to see what he is looking at to make sure the cancer is not coming back,” Achilefu said. “So, we’ve done about 27 or 28 patients.”
The prototype from Wash-U is being used in China at the Fudan Liver Institute in Shanghai.
“We’ve done 11 patients in China with liver cancer,” Achilefu said. “Liver cancer is huge, a big problem in China.” Fudan is the largest liver institute in the world, he added.
The potential applications are vast.
“Anything that involves surgery should work,” he said.
A new, streamlined prototype goggle is currently under development. It will weigh less and have added features.
“So you will not be seeing a camera standing on the goggles anymore, instead … it will be within the arms,” Achilefu described.
The headband for the goggles will be flexible, to fit different head sizes.
Moreover, for surgeons who normally wear corrective eyewear, they may not be necessary because goggle 2.0 will take into account the wearer’s visual acuity.
“So you don’t have to worry if you wear glasses or you don’t wear glasses,” Achilefu said. “It knows blurriness, and it corrects for blurriness.”
One other important point about this invention to the greater St. Louis community is that patent-owner Achilefu wants to keep the work on this high-tech medical device here in St. Louis.
“I personally think we produce some of the best engineers here at Washington University and some of the best scientists you can imagine,” Achilefu said. “What if we had a high-tech company here, based in St. Louis as a footprint with which you can then [have a] platform to move to other parts of the world? There is something in me that says it should be here.”
Achilefu and his team are finalizing the prototypes and are seeking Food and Drug Administration approval so they can be widely disseminated.
“In fact, we have so many requests now from all over the world that we need to quickly move, get FDA approval for this so they can be used at clinical centers for brain surgery, for example.”
Activism
2024 in Review: Seven Questions for Frontline Doulas
California Black Media (CBM) spoke with Frontline Doulas’ co-founder Khefri Riley. She reflected on Frontline’s accomplishments this year and the organization’s goals moving forward.
By Edward Henderson, California Black Media
Frontline Doulas provides African American families non-medical professional perinatal services at no cost.
This includes physical, emotional, informational, psychosocial and advocacy support during the pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum period. Women of all ages — with all forms of insurance — are accepted and encouraged to apply for services.
California Black Media (CBM) spoke with co-founder Khefri Riley. She reflected on Frontline’s accomplishments this year and the organization’s goals moving forward.
Responses have been edited for clarity and length.
Looking back at 2024, what stands out to you as your most important achievement and why?
In 2024, we are humbled to have been awarded the contract for the Los Angeles County Medical Doula Hub, which means that we are charged with creating a hub of connectivity and support for generating training and helping to create the new doula workforce for the medical doula benefit that went live in California on Jan. 1, 2023.
How did your leadership and investments contribute to improving the lives of Black Californians?
We believe that the revolution begins in the womb. What we mean by that is we have the potential and the ability to create intentional generational healing from the moment before a child was conceived, when a child was conceived, during this gestational time, and when a child is born.
And there’s a traditional saying in Indigenous communities that what we do now affects future generations going forward. So, the work that we do with birthing families, in particular Black birthing families, is to create powerful and healthy outcomes for the new generation so that we don’t have to replicate pain, fear, discrimination, or racism.
What frustrated you the most over the last year?
Working in reproductive justice often creates a heavy burden on the organization and the caregivers who deliver the services most needed to the communities. So, oftentimes, we’re advocating for those whose voices are silenced and erased, and you really have to be a warrior to stand strong and firm.
What inspired you the most over the last year?
My great-grandmother. My father was his grandmother’s midwife assistant when he was a young boy. I grew up with their medicine stories — the ways that they healed the community and were present to the community, even amidst Jim Crow.
What is one lesson you learned in 2024 that will inform your decision-making next year?
I find that you have to reach for your highest vision, and you have to stand firm in your value. You have to raise your voice, speak up and demand, and know your intrinsic value.
In a word, what is the biggest challenge Black Californians face?
Amplification. We cannot allow our voices to be silent.
What is the goal you want to achieve most in 2025?
I really would like to see a reduction in infant mortality and maternal mortality within our communities and witness this new birth worker force be supported and integrated into systems. So, that way, we fulfill our goal of healthy, unlimited birth in the Black community and indeed in all birthing communities in Los Angeles and California.
Activism
A Student-Run Group Provides Critical Support Services to Underserved Residents
Those visiting The Suitcase Clinic can get legal advice, sign up for food assistance, receive housing resources, get medical help, or enjoy a hot, fresh meal. They can also get haircuts and foot washes from the student volunteers. Nilo Golchini, executive director of the clinic, said one of the goals for most of the students working there is helping bridge the gap of trust that exists between many unhoused people and the healthcare and social welfare systems.
Part One
By Magaly Muñoz
Every Tuesday evening, the dining hall of First Presbyterian Church fills up with dozens of people eating, laughing and moving from table to table, receiving much-needed services from UC Berkeley students – just a few blocks away from the university’s campus.
Individuals seeking support services can be found in this multi-stationed room on the south end of the church talking to law students, student case managers, or receiving medical attention in a corner by healthcare professionals.
This weekly event is hosted by Cal students through a volunteer-run program called The Suitcase Clinic.
The clinic, founded in 1989, was intended to offer free resources to underserved communities in Berkeley and surrounding cities. The majority of the clinic’s clientele are unhoused or low-income people looking for extra support.
Those visiting the clinic can get legal advice, sign up for food assistance, receive housing resources, get medical help, or enjoy a hot, fresh meal. They can also get haircuts and foot washes from the student volunteers.
Nilo Golchini, executive director of the clinic, said one of the goals for most of the students working there is helping bridge the gap of trust that exists between many unhoused people and the healthcare and social welfare systems.
During their tenure in the program, many of the students say they become strong advocates for homelessness rights.
“We’re also standing in solidarity with them. So, it’s not saying, ‘I’m going to help you, but I’m also going to stand with you,’” Golchini said.
Student volunteers get extensive training prior to working directly with clients. Those interested have to take a semester-long class to become versed in areas such as outreach, intersectionality, how to interact with unhoused people, how to sign people up for social services. and more.
Volunteers then get to pick from three different clinics: General, Women’s, or Youth and LGBTQ+.
The General Clinic is the most popular among visiting residents, while Women’s and Youth/LQBTQ+ have more specialized services for attendees.
The Women’s Clinic has many of the similar services to General, but also includes nail painting, childcare, and massages.
The Youth and LGBTQ+ Clinic offers a safe space for young people navigating living on the streets, with services that include housing referrals, wellness and recreation classes and employment resources.
Golchini explained that it’s important for them to keep these clinics separate because the different demographics experience poverty and homelessness differently than those who visit the General Clinic.
“We’re able to provide spaces where people can come in and feel safe and not feel like they’re constantly worried that something’s going to happen to them,” she said.
An outreach team also visits encampments every other Saturday in the Berkeley area to provide hygiene kits and encourage people to visit the in-person clinic, if possible.
However, Golchini said engagement has been low for some time now due to a recent decision by the U.S. Supreme Court that allows cities to ban and cite people for sleeping on the streets.
She said a lot of their clientele got displaced to other cities over time, making it difficult to stay in contact with the services the Clinic was providing for them.
But that hasn’t slowed down the students at the Clinic, if anything, it has pushed them to do more for the community they serve.
Activism
Post News Group Hosts Second Virtual Town Hall on Racism
“While our society tends to rebrand over the decades, we find hate as the new word, broadening its arch of issues in society,” said show host and Post News Group Global Features Journalist Carla Thomas. “However, the very first form of hate, which is racism, built this country.”
By Post News Group
Post News Group Global Features Journalist Carla Thomas recently hosted a second Virtual Town Hall on Racism, with guests including community builders Trevor Parham of Oakstop and Chien Nguyen of Oakland Trybe.
Thomas opened the town hall by paying homage to the ancestral losses of the African diaspora and to the Indigenous tribes, the enslaved, the freed, and the trailblazers of the Civil Rights Movement, Black Lives Matter Movement, and those more recently victimized by police brutality.
After thanking Bay Area non-profits for their work, Thomas led a thoughtful discussion on the importance of acknowledging racism as the first form of hate that built America.
“While our society tends to rebrand over the decades, we find hate as the new word, broadening its arch of issues in society,” she said. “However, the very first form of hate, which is racism, built this country,” she said.
“That act of othering, creating a narrative that made African people, indigenous people, and ultimately melanated people, labeled as less than human justified the colonizers act of subjugating our ancestors to inhumane, incomprehensible treatment for over 400 years,” said Thomas.
Parham of Oakstop, located at 1721 Broadway, explained that Nazi Germany patterned its mistreatment and extinction of Jews in the Holocaust after chattel slavery in America and the Jim Crow apartheid system that followed it.
“Nazi Germany found America’s treatment of Blacks so inhumane and denigrating that they (decided) it would actually be the perfect ingredient to undermine another group of people,” said Parham. “So, they essentially borrowed from what Americans did to Black people.”
Thomas pivoted the discussion to the limitations placed on Black America’s generational wealth through policies of red-lining, redevelopment, and title deeds to this day, based on the idea that no Black or indigenous person is allowed to purchase property or land.
“For this reason, there continue to be impoverished Black communities throughout the nation,” she said.
“The structures of racism from red-lining to lack of access to capital continue to restrict Black (people) in America; this structural racism kind of finishes you before you even start,” added Parham. “The lack of generational wealth has left our communities at a disadvantage because with generational wealth we’d have the resources to police our own communities and build further.”
Nguyen, Clinton Park site director for Oakland Trybe, spoke about his parents’ journey as immigrants from Vietnam, the challenges of being teased in school, and how his troubled brother was murdered.
Nguyen has turned his personal tragedies into triumph, pivoting from a career as an eight-year business owner in the Little Saigon community of East Oakland, to now a non-profit leader transforming and reclaiming the community’s Clinton Park at International Boulevard and Sixth Street..
“A park represents community, and between the pandemic, illegal activities, and homelessness, the park needed to be re-established, and we now offer programming for the youth and extended community,” he said.
“Between Oakstop’s business model of purchasing commercial properties and transforming them into beautiful spaces for community ownership, business space, and special event hubs, and Oakland Trybe’s ability to transform public spaces central to a community and empower our communities, we have solutions,” Thomas said.
Throughout the conversation, Parham referred to a press conference hosted at Oakstop in August where NBA icons Jason Kidd and Jaylen Brown pledged to raise $5 billion for Black businesses in the nation.
“Inspired by Black Wall Street, Jaylen began with Boston and created the Boston Xchange because he became aware of a statistic noting that white households in Boston average $250,000 and Black households averaged a mere $8 in wealth,” Parham said.
In Oakland, he established the Oakland Xchange to expand the movement right at Oakstop, he said.
Thomas encouraged viewers to connect with her guests and tap into the dozens of organizations making a change. “I encourage you to join your chambers of commerce, your community-based organizations, non-profits, and churches to uplift and rebuild the community,” she said.
Thomas also suggested that the NAACP as a great start. “The Oakland chapter’s resolution developed around racism was adopted by the national NAACP, and at the Afrotech Conference, national NAACP leader Derrick Johnson announced a $200 million fund to support Black funders.”
Thomas informed viewers of the California vs. Hate, initiative, a non-emergency hate incident and hate-crime reporting system to support individuals and communities targeted for hate.
“Your reports inform the state of where to designate resources and extra support,” said Thomas.
For more information, visit PostNewsGroup.com, CAvsHATE.ORG or call 1-833-8-NO-HATE.
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